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USB-C also does away with the variety of previous sizes found for both USB-A and USB-C. It is only slightly larger than the previous micro-B connector, meaning that it is suitable for various devices, from small mobiles and tablets to larger visual displays. This simplicity means USB-C cables are highly interchangeable, so users can store fewer cables. Of course, laptop and desktop ports can also be simplified. USB2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters (16ft 5in) for devices running at high speed (480Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost. When adding USB device response time, delays from the maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable delay per cable amounts to 26ns. [37] The USB2.0 specification requires that cable delay be less than 5.2ns/m ( 1.6ns/ft, 192 000 km/s), which is close to the maximum achievable transmission speed for standard copper wire.
ACAs have three ports: the OTG port for the portable device, which is required to have a Micro-A plug on a captive cable; the accessory port, which is required to have a Micro-AB or type-A receptacle; and the charging port, which is required to have a Micro-B receptacle, or type-A plug or charger on a captive cable. The ID pin of the OTG port is not connected within plug as usual, but to the ACA itself, where signals outside the OTG floating and ground states are used for ACA detection and state signaling. The charging port does not pass data, but does use the D± signals for charging port detection. The accessory port acts as any other port. When appropriately signaled by the ACA, the portable device can charge from the bus power as if there were a charging port present; any OTG signals over bus power are instead passed to the portable device via the ID signal. Bus power is also provided to the accessory port from the charging port transparently. [50] USB Power Delivery [ edit ] The USB Type-C Charging logo ( USB4 20Gbps port) USB PD Rev. 1.0 source profiles [55] Profile Part 2 - Electrical". MQP Electronics. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014 . Retrieved December 29, 2014. New EU standards for common mobile phone charger (press release), Europa, archived from the original on 3 January 2011 Ensure your office environment has sufficient opportunities for charging USB devices by considering the number and types of ports in the charging station. Our recommended USB charging hub:USB PD continues the use of the bilateral 5% tolerance, with allowable voltages of PDO ±5% ±0.5V (eg. for a PDO of 9.0V, the maximum and minimum limits are 9.95V and 8.05V, respectively). [42] Europe gets universal cellphone charger in 2010". Wired. June 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010 . Retrieved June 22, 2010.
The USB Power Delivery specification revision3.0 defines an optional Programmable Power Supply (PPS) protocol that allows granular control over V BUS power, allowing a range of 3.3 to 21 V in 20mV steps to facilitate constant-current or constant-voltage charging. Revision 3.0 also adds extended configuration messages and fast role swap and deprecates the BFSK protocol. [57] [68] [69] The Certified USB Fast Charger logo for USB Type-C charging ports Commission welcomes new EU standards for common mobile phone charger". Press Releases. Europa. December 29, 2010. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011 . Retrieved May 22, 2011. On-The-Go and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB Revision 3.0 Specification" (PDF). USB.org. Revision 1.1. May 10, 2012. The main difference between versions is the shape, as the rounding has been altered due to the increase of the number of pins; allowing a faster data transfer.The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. See the USB On-The-Go connectors section below for a more detailed summary description. USB Type-C Revision 1.0" (PDF). USB 3.0 Promoter Group. March 1, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 3, 2021 . Retrieved November 3, 2021. Universal Serial Bus Type-C Cable and Connector Specification, Release 2.2. USB Implementers Forum (Technical report). USB 3.0 Promoter Group. October 2022 . Retrieved April 12, 2023. The connectors the USB committee specifies support a number of USB's underlying goals, and reflect lessons learned from the many connectors the computer industry has used. The connector mounted on the host or device is called the receptacle, and the connector attached to the cable is called the plug. [1] The official USB specification documents also periodically define the term male to represent the plug, and female to represent the receptacle, though these uses are inconsistent with established definitions of connector gender. [2]
Ngo, Dong (August 22, 2014). "USB Type-C: One Cable to Connect Them All". c|net. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015 . Retrieved December 28, 2014. USB cables exist with various combinations of plugs on each end of the cable, as displayed below in the USB cables matrix.The body responsible for developing, maintaining, and updating the USB standard is called the USB Implementers Forum, or USB-IF. To date, there have been four main generations of USB released: USB 1.x (which had various subcategories), USB 2.0, USB 3.x (again, with subcategories), and USB 4. You will often see these referred to as USB gen 1, USB gen 3, and so on. The initial versions of the USB standard specified connectors that were easy to use and that would have acceptable life spans; revisions of the standard added smaller connectors useful for compact portable devices. Higher-speed development of the USB standard gave rise to another family of connectors to permit additional data paths. All versions of USB specify cable properties; version 3. x cables include additional data paths. The USB standard included power supply to peripheral devices; modern versions of the standard extend the power delivery limits for battery charging and devices requiring up to 240 watts. USB has been selected as the standard charging format for many mobile phones, reducing the proliferation of proprietary chargers. The USB Power Delivery specification revision2.0 (USB PD Rev. 2.0) has been released as part of the USB3.1 suite. [56] [64] [65] It covers the USB-C cable and connector with a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. [66] Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate USB-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased V BUS currents, and V CONN-powered accessories.
Programming and Debugging: USB cables are essential for programming and debugging certain electronic devices.Micro-USB pinout and list of compatible smartphones and other devices". pinoutsguide.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013. USB, which stands for Universal Serial Bus, refers to the system that transfers data between computers or between components within a computer, such as a keyboard or a mouse. Consisting of a type of cable and connector, many electronic devices will have a USB connection available, including in vehicles and modern workstation power systems. a b c d e "Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document Revision 2.0" (PDF). USB.org. August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2014 . Retrieved April 28, 2019. USB versions include 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1.USB 1.1 was the first USB version launched in 1998 and has a maximum speed of 12Mbps.In many cases, USB 1.1 works only at 1.2 Mbps and has become largely obsolete. One size-fits-all mobile phone charger: IEC publishes first globally relevant standard". International Electrotechnical Commission. February 1, 2011. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012 . Retrieved February 20, 2012.
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