Aarseth, Espen (2004). "Quest Games as Post-Narrative Discourse". In Ryan, Marie-Laure (ed.). Narrative Across Media: The Languages of Storytelling. University of Nebraska Press. p.366. ISBN 978-0-8032-3944-9. Masters, Kim (20 October 2012). "Stephen Colbert to Make Cameo in 'The Hobbit' ". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 20 October 2012. Amison, Anne (July 2006). "An unexpected Guest. influence of William Morris on J. R. R. Tolkien's works". Mythlore (95/96). Ferrante, AC (12 November 2008). "Guillermo del Toro updates about The Hobbit status". iF Magazine. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009 . Retrieved 12 November 2008.

Guillermo del Toro opens up on 'The Hobbit': 'It wasn't just MGM' ". Los Angeles Times. 27 July 2010 . Retrieved 18 February 2011. Bolman, Lee G.; Deal, Terrence E. (2006). The Wizard and the Warrior: Leading with Passion and Power. John Wiley & Sons. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7879-7413-8. But their chief role was to offer sage advice: Merlin as a tutor and counselor to King Arthur; Gandalf through stories and wisdom in his itinerant travels throughout the countryside. Blu-ray Review: The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies – Extended Edition". Chaz Lipp. 23 November 2015 . Retrieved 23 November 2015. Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically Elrond and Gondolin, along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings could belong to the same universe as The Silmarillion was made only after his initial success and the request by his publisher for a sequel.Additionally some elements of Anglo-Saxon culture can be found. In both books a king, which in Anglo-Saxon somet Tolkien, J. R. R. (1981). Carpenter, Humphrey; Tolkien, Christopher (eds.). The letters of J.R.R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0395315552. OCLC 7671235. The Hobbit Riddle in Otago | Middle-earth News". News.mymiddleearth.com. 14 November 2011 . Retrieved 25 December 2012. Ditzian, Eric (5 June 2009). "Guillermo Del Toro Rules Out Directing 'Hobbit' Bridge Film". Movies (blog). MTV. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009 . Retrieved 8 June 2009.

del Toro, Guillermo (26 May 2008). "2 centavos" (forum). The One Ring net . Retrieved 1 October 2008. Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981). The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-31555-2. a b Pienciak, Anne (1986). "The Characters". J. R. R. Tolkien's Hobbit and Lord of the Rings. Barron's Educational Series. pp. 14–30. ISBN 978-0-8120-3523-0. Tolkien's works show many influences from Norse mythology, reflecting his lifelong passion for those stories and his academic interest in Germanic philology. [25] The Hobbit is no exception to this; the work shows influences from northern European literature, myths and languages, [26] especially from the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda. Examples include the names of characters, [27] such as Fili, Kili, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, Dori, Nori, Dwalin, Balin, Dain, Nain, Thorin Oakenshield and Gandalf (deriving from the Old Norse names Fíli, Kíli, Oin, Glói, Bivör, Bávörr, Bömburr, Dori, Nóri, Dvalinn, Bláin, Dain, Nain, Þorin Eikinskialdi and Gandálfr). [28] But while their names are from Old Norse, the characters of the dwarves are more directly taken from fairy tales such as Snow White and Snow-White and Rose-Red as collected by the Brothers Grimm. The latter tale may also have influenced the character of Beorn. [29]Conan Stevens is giving away his official 'The Hobbit' production shirt, TheOneRing.net, 30 May 2012 a b Bradley, Bill (22 August 2015). "This Theory Perfectly Explains Why 'The Hobbit' Movies Were So Bad". HuffPost . Retrieved 18 November 2021.

a b c Sibley, Brian (2013). The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug Official Movie Guide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.132–134. ISBN 978-0-547-89870-4. Hammond, Wayne G.; Anderson, Douglas A. (1993). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Books. ISBN 0-938768-42-5.Poveda, Jaume Albero (2003–2004). "Narrative Models in Tolkien's Stories of Middle-earth". Journal of English Studies. 4: 7–22. doi: 10.18172/jes.84 . Retrieved 9 July 2008.

Tolkien explained the two different versions in the introduction of The Lord of the Rings, as well as inside "The Shadow of the Past", as a "lie" that Bilbo made up, probably because of the One Ring's influence on him, and which he originally wrote down in his book. Inside The Lord of the Rings, Bilbo finally confesses the real story at the Council of Elrond, although Gandalf had deduced the truth earlier. As Tolkien presented himself as the translator of the supposedly historic Red Book of Westmarch, where Bilbo and Frodo's stories were recorded, he further explained the two differing stories in The Hobbit by stating he had originally used Bilbo's original story, but later re-translated the work with the "true story" recorded by Frodo. Millard, Elaine (1997). Differently Literate: boys, Girls and the Schooling of Literacy. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-7507-0661-2. Campbell, Stuart (December 1991). "Top 100 Speccy Games". Your Sinclair. 1 (72): 22. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008 . Retrieved 6 July 2008. Nunneley, Stephany (18 October 2011). "Report: Lego Batman 2, The Hobbit and DC Comic games releasing in 2012". VG247 . Retrieved 19 October 2011. Although a fairy tale, the book is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the Beowulf epic, it makes use of Anglo-Saxon runes, information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps.

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Annual ADG Award Winners Announced". Art Directors Guild. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013 . Retrieved 2 March 2013. Ain't It Cool News: The best in movie, TV, DVD, and comic book news". Aintitcool.com . Retrieved 25 December 2012.